18 results
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #nephrology #low
How do you work up an ischemic CVA?
A) Initial Evaluation
 • ABCs
 • IV access, monitor
Evaluate underlying cause ... suspicion) • +/- bubble ... #stroke #workup ... #diagnosis #checklist ... #neurology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
in the proximal tubule ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Salicylate Toxicity - Diagnosis and Management

Consider if:
1) Patient is hot and altered
2) You see tachypnea with
no respiratory cause ... High Lactate, Low Potassium ... Resuscitation 2) Urine ... 4.5 mmol/L 4) K ... #management #Treatment
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... : Differential Diagnosis ... other • Severe potassium ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Recent IV potassium ... infusions) - Metabolic ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
in the distal tubule ... nephron → - ↑ K+ ... → Hypokalemia Metabolic ... Pathophysiology #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Recent IV potassium ... infusions) - Metabolic ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
- Differential Diagnosis ... failure (uremia) K ... sedation, narcotics, CVA ... Interpretation #Diagnosis ... #Summary #Nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... Heat injury, Heat stroke ... - Metabolic myopathies ... Monitor potassium ... #treatment #nephrology