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Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Fraction (HFrEF) Clinical ... Chest x-ray: signs ... → no signs of CXR ... diagnosis #management #cardiology ... #pharmacology #sCHF
Pleural effusion is not always visible as a meniscus in the costophrenic angle. 
A subpulmonic effusion
Pleural effusion ... a patient with signs ... of CHF. ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Pleural
Pleural effusion is bilateral in 70% of cases of CHF.
When unilateral, it is slightly more often
Pleural effusion ... 70% of cases of CHF ... seen on a supine chest ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Pleural
On the left a patient with CHF. 
There is an increase in heart size compared to
a patient with CHF ... Other signs of CHF ... , interstitial edema ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Exacerbation
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
Signs of poor perfusion ... Signs of congestion ... and Peripheral Edema ... algorithm #management #cardiology ... #heartfailure #chf
CT will also demonstrate signs of congestive heart failure.
On the image on the left notice the
also demonstrate signs ... to interstitial edema ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CTChest #CHF # ... #Intersitial #Edema
Stage III - Alveolar edema
This stage is characterized by continued fluid leakage into the interstitium, which
III - Alveolar edema ... space (pleural effusion ... The following signs ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CXR #CHF #Alveolar
Increased pulmonary venous pressure is related to the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and can be
features on the chest ... In daily clinical ... #Diagnosis #Radiology ... #CHF #CXR #Stages ... #Findings #Signs
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
specific questions to ask ... disease b) CHF ... Change in clinical ... - Cataract Plan ... one post op Cardiology