10 results
Giant dilated left atrium on Echocardiogram (a4c)
It belongs to a 92-year old lady with a history
atrium on Echocardiogram ... (a4c) It belongs ... sinus rhythm... 1. ... ASD with R/L shunting ... #atrium #a4c #Echocardiogram
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
Paradoxical: Right to Left ... non-culprit vessels • Atrial ... , h/o of cardiac ... surgery, endocarditis ... Artery #Embolism #diagnosis
Negative Contrast Effect in Right Atrium - Differential Diagnosis
1. Small secundum ASD or PFO with left
1. ... or PFO with left ... to right shunt 2. ... cardiology #clinical #echocardiogram ... #s4c #pocus #bubble
Portopulmonary Hypertension
Presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in a patient with portal hypertension
No other obvious causes (chronic
lung disease, left ... thromboembolism) 1) ... Transthoracic echocardiogram ... ventricular size, Right atrial ... ventricular septum 2)
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... : • New cardiac ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... Diagnosis? ... Substance use: R > L Tricuspid
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
1. ... as RAP>LAP as atrial ... septum shifts left ... PVeins (extra-cardiac ... clinical #pocus #a4c
Rheumatic Heart Disease - Mitral Stenosis on Echocardiogram
(1) Thickened and fibrosed MV leaflets - rheumatic etiology
(1) Thickened ... (2) Lvef 25-30% ... (4) All 4 cardiac ... (7) patient in atrial ... clinical #cardiology #a4c
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential Diagnosis ... Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... : • New cardiac ... Paradoxical emboli via ASD ... substance use: R > L Tricuspid
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
diffusion-perfusion defect (Type 1) ... anatomic shunt (Type 2) ... Microbubbles appear in left ... heart 3-6 cardiac ... cycles after right atrial
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
exam Determine Cardiac ... Recent PCI/stenting ... postoperative cardiac ... CARP, DECREASE V trials ... stratification #diagnosis