39 results
Pseudobulbar Affect
Characteristics (These episodes usually cause distress and impairment in occupational or social functioning):
 - Extreme
episodes usually cause ... Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ... (ALS) (*main cause ... Injury, Multiple Sclerosis ... Pseudobulbar #Affect #neurology
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
• Meniere's Disease ... Dysfunction - Imbalance, neurologic ... symptoms/signs, ... • Multiple sclerosis ... Dizziness #Vertigo #Neurology
Parinaud's syndrome
What?
 • Light-near dissociation (tectal pupils)
 • Convergence retraction nystagmus
 • Eyelid retraction (Collier's sign)
tumors • Multiple sclerosis ... "setting sun" sign ... • Vascular disease ... Dorsal midbrain and ... Parinauds #syndrome #neurology
Confabulation
What? Honest Lie.  
No incoming sensory information + Filling of the blanks with different information
Diseases: Korsakoff ... Injury, Alzheimer's Disease ... Cortical Blindness, Psychiatric ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #neurology
BEE Syndromes - Immune-mediated conditions affecting the brain, eye, and ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in conjunction
less common diseases ... Inflammatory causes ... polychondritis • Behcet disease ... • Multiple sclerosis ... BEE #Syndromes #neurology
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
neurodegenerative disease ... syndromes such as ... Signs and symptoms ... objective evidence of neurologic ... diagnosis #management #neurology
Peripheral and Central Causes of Vertigo
Peripheral Causes (Common):
 - Labyrinth: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, Méniére disease,
Peripheral and Central ... vertigo, Méniére disease ... often classified as ... migraines, Multiple sclerosis ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
lymphoproliferative disease ... : • Multiple Sclerosis ... diseases (often ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology
Bell's Palsy
Bell’s Palsy is a damage, acute weakness, or paralysis of the Facial nerve (7th CN),
an identifiable cause ... infections such as ... Burgdorferi (Lymes disease ... #Bells #Palsy #neurology ... #anatomy #pathophysiology
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
Pathophysiology ... Presentation: - Disease ... - Causes progressive ... course of the disease ... #neurology #diagnosis