7 results
Diabetic Ketoacidosis 
Management Priorities
1. Fluids 
2. Insulin 
3. Potassium 
4. Acidosis 
5. Re-establish oral fluids,
Insulin 3. ... Potassium 4. ... Acidosis 5. ... subcutaneous insulin ... an underlying cause
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Causes of High-anion ... Ketoacidosis: Diabetic ... Potassium-sparing ... ACE-Is and ARBs
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• NSAIDs • ACE ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... - Metabolic acidosis ... paralysis - Insulin ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• NSAIDs • ACE ... (Uncontrolled diabetes ... - Metabolic acidosis ... paralysis - Insulin ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Metformin Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action:
 • Suppresses gluconeogenesis by the liver
 • Increases insulin-mediated glucose utilization
Metformin Pharmacology ... • Increases insulin-mediated ... agent • Does not cause ... causing lactic acidosis ... #Summary #DM2 #diabetes
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Medications: K+, ACEi ... transfusions), ↓insulin ... only if no clear cause ... Treatments: • Insulin ... Management #Treatment #potassium
Causes of Hyperkalemia
l. Pseudohyperkalemia
  A Cellular efflux; thrombocytosis, erythrocytosis, leukocytosis, in vitro hemolysis
  B.
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Acidosis B. ... combination with ACE ... Diabetes, diabetic ... Diagnosis #High #Potassium