11 results
Pacemaker Placement Indications
Class I:
 • Third degree block
 • Advanced 2nd degree block
 • Symptomatic Mobitz
Placement Indications Class ... • First degree AV ... Class Ill: • Syncope ... • Reversible causes ... of AV block -
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
Differential Diagnosis by Classification ... bradycardia • Sinus pauses ... • AV block ... Differential #Diagnosis #Classification ... #Table #Causes
Causes of Tachycardia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Narrow Complex - Regular:
 • Sinus tachycardia
 • Atrial flutter
Causes of Tachycardia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... flutter • AV ... tachycardia • AV ... #Causes #cardiology
Arrhythmias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Bradyarrhythmia (<60 bpm)
 • Sinus Bradycardia
 • Sick Sinus Syndrome
 • SA
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • SA Block • AV ... with Variable AV ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes
Syncope - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Neurocardiogenic:
 • Vasovagal
 • Orthostatic Hypotension
 • Autonomic Neuropathy
 • Situational (micturition,
Syncope - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... 2nd/3rd degree AV ... Tachy-Brady Syndrome #Syncope ... #causes
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
Atrial depolarization ... contraction of atrial ... Vaughan Williams Classification ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Vaughan Williams Classification ... causing ↓SA node and AV ... interval to prolong AV ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... BRB breakdown causes ... retinal arterioles causes ... disc arterioles causes ... disc arterioles causes
Causes of Syncope - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac - Arrhythmia:
 • Tachyarrhythmia
 • Bradyarrhythmia
 • Supraventricular Tachycardia
Causes of Syncope ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Reduced Effective Arterial ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Tinnitus - Objective (can be heard/auscultated) - 10% - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Vascular - Arterial:
 • Atherosclerosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Vascular - Arterial ... - Venous: • AV ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes