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Abnormal Jugular Venous Pressure Waveforms - Differential Diagnosis
 - Absent a wave - Atrial fibrillation, sinus
- Atrial fibrillation ... - Atrial flutter ... stenosis, right atrial ... myxoma, pulmonary ... regurgitation, atrial
Cannon A Waves
 • Caused by atrial contracting against a closed tricuspid valve
 • Atrioventricular dissociation
Cannon A Waves ... • Caused by atrial ... • The cannon a wave ... dissociation + retrograde atrial ... 2LmUODZ #Cannon #AWaves
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
• At least 3 different P wave morphologies: 
• Rate 100-180
• Irregular 
Etiology
Multifocal Atrial ... 3 different P wave ... Secondary to chronic lung ... • Hypoxia • Pulmonary ... #Multifocal #Atrial
Inverted P Waves:
(A) Ectopic atrial rhythm
(B) Junctional rhythm 

#Inverted #PWaves #cardiology #diagnosis #ekg #ecg #electrocardiogram #differential
Inverted P Waves ... : (A) Ectopic atrial ... #Inverted #PWaves
Jugular Waveform Components 
 • a wave - due to atrial contraction: It occurs just before
- due to atrial ... - due to right atrial ... toward the right atrium ... to subsequent atrial ... filling in the atrium
Cannon A Waves of Complete Heart Block on Physical Exam
A patient presented to clinic with lightheadedness
Cannon A Waves of ... in CVP due to atrial ... When the atrium ... conditions in which the atrium ... UCSFIMChiefs #CannonA #AWaves
ECG changes in Pulmonary Embolism
 - 
Sinus tachycardia 
 - 
Complete or incomplete RBBB 
 -
ECG changes in Pulmonary ... - Dominant R wave ... V1 - Right atrial ... rotation - Atrial ... segment and T wave
Comparison of Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia, Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia - Atrial Rate >
of Multifocal Atrial ... Tachycardia, Atrial ... > 100 1. >3 p wave ... tooth" flutter waves ... discernible P waves
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
• Interstitial lung ... disease • Pulmonary ... Arterial Hypertension ... Defect ** • Atrial ... Septal Defect Pulmonary
EKG Interpretation Cheat Sheet
1) Rate 
 - Regular - Count-Off 
 - Irregular - Count number
• Inverted P Waves ... origin within the atria ... (e.g. ectopic atrial ... Morphology = multifocal atrial ... • Saw-Tooth = Atrial