10 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... NORMAL PLASMA OSMOLALITY ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF • liver ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
syndrome Low-normal ... Distal RTA Low-normal ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... Then, ask 3 questions ... Measure urine osmolality ... include vaptans (HF/liver ... Treatment #management #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... In a normal gap ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia ... remember than the normal ... volume-based algorithm Urine ... #differential #diagnosis ... table #sodium #nephrology
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
AKI) What to ask ... - TTE/liver fxn? ... UOP/weights - Urine ... AcuteKidneyInjury #AKI #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Elevated Renin Urine ... Renal Imaging: - Normal ... dr_missyhanna #Gitelman ... #Workup #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... Metabolic alkalosis • Normal ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm in Cancer
UOsm ≥ 100 mOsm/kg = Urine is inappropriately concentrated for hypotonic
Hyponatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... 100 mOsm/kg = Urine ... amyloidosis) • Liver ... Cancer #algorithm #nephrology