22 results
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ... 65 years PBC Pathophysiology ... cholestasis → Cirrhosis ... /Liver failure ... or higher • Liver
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... NORMAL PLASMA OSMOLALITY ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF • liver ... Workup #Algorithm #Nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
remember than the normal ... Heart failure, Cirrhosis ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... cirrhosis, chronic ... cirrhosis, and ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... Then, ask 3 questions ... include vaptans (HF/liver ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #nephrology #sodium
Management of SIADH
Treat underlying cause:
 • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
promoting passive sodium ... Contraindicated in cirrhosis ... the colon 0.9% Normal ... #hyponatremia #nephrology ... #treatment
Algorithm regarding the diagnosis and treatment of Hereditary Hemochromatosis HH. 

Step 1: In the patient with
regarding the diagnosis ... and treatment of ... <45% and SF is normal ... Patients with cirrhosis ... hemochromatosis #algorithm #diagnosis
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
- Differential Diagnosis ... Dehydration - Loss of sodium ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... - Core temp normal ... #differential #diagnosis
Hepatic Encephalopathy - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Definition:
 • Alteration in brain function manifested by neuropsychiatric symptoms
• Caused by liver ... other causes of neurologic ... Prevalence: At cirrhosis ... Initiate empiric treatment ... #Management #treatment
Stiff Person Syndrome (SPS) - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Epidemiology:
 • Prevalence: 1-2 cases per million -
Person Syndrome Pathophysiology ... Person Syndrome Treatment ... others (botox, sodium ... #Management #treatment ... #neurology