Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude sickness • Diuretic resistance • Metabolic alkalosis • Familial periodic paralysis Osmotic Diuretics (Mannitol) • Elevated intraocular pressure • Elevated intracranial pressure • Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis of bronchial hyperreactivity • Urologic irrigation • Management of some overdoses Inhibitors of Na+K+2Cl- Symport (Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling Diuretics) (Bumetanide, Ethacrynic acid, Furosemide, Torsemide) • Acute pulmonary edema • Edema associated with congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, and nephrotic syndrome • Hyponatremia • Hypercalcemia • Hypertension Inhibitors of Na+CI- Symport - Thiazide Diuretics (Chlorothiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide, Methyclothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide, Metolazone) • Hypertension • Edema associated with congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease, and nephrotic syndrome • Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus • Kidney stones caused by Ca2+ crystals Inhibitors of Renal Epithelial Channels (K+ Sparing Diuretics) - Amiloride, Triamterene • Hypertension • Edema associated with congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and chronic kidney disease • Liddle syndrome • Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists (Aldosterone Antagonists, K+ Sparing Diuretics) (Eplerenone, Spironolactone) • Hypertension • Edema associated with congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, chronic kidney disease • Primary hyperaldosteronism • Acute myocardial infarction (eplerenone) • Heart failure (in combination with standard therapy) • Polycystic ovary disease Inhibitors of the Nonspecific Cation Channel (Naturietic Peptide Analogues) - Nesiritide • Hospitalized patients with acutely decompensated congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association class IV) Vasopressin Receptor Agonist V1 receptor-agonist (Vasopressin) • Postoperative abdominal distention • Abdominal roentgenography • Bleeding • Cardiac arrest • Hypovolemic shock V2 receptor-agonist - Desmopressin (DDAVP) • Central diabetes insipidus • Primary nocturnal enuresis • Prevention of blood loss in patients with specific bleeding disorders Vasopressin Receptor Antagonists (Conivaptan, Tolvaptan) • Treatment of hypervolemic and euvolemic hyponatremia #Diuretics #Renal #Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology #Pharmacology #Medications #Table
