62 results
Urinary Tract Tuberculosis - Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen showed mild dilatation of the
#Tuberculosis #Pyuria ... #Smear #AFB #AcidFastBacilli
Normal urine output 
- 0.5 to 1.5 cc/kg/hour 
- A patient should be urinating at least
- 0.5 to 1.5 cc ... hours - < 0.5 cc ... Usually < 500 cc ... in adults Anuria ... output #oliguria #anuria
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Pathophysiology ... → Glucosuria → Polyuria ... #dka #hhs #pathophysiology
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

DKA is a result of an absolute or relative insulin
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology ... hyponatremia, polyuria ... details of the pathophysiology ... #Pathophysiology
Autoimmune Gastritis - Pathophysiology

Anti-ParietaI Cell, CD4+ T Cells, Autoantibodies -> x Parietal Cells, x HCL, x
Autoimmune Gastritis - Pathophysiology ... Anti-ParietaI Cell, CD4 ... Autoimmune #Gastritis #Pathophysiology
Pathyophysiology - hyperglycemic crises in patients with diabetes 
Key signs/symptoms of HHS/DKA:
Both: Polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss,
Pathyophysiology ... HHS/DKA: Both: Polyuria
C.diff - Clostridioides Difficile Infection (CDI) - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

Clinical Presentation + Progression:
Difficile Infection (CDI ... Perforation) Pathophysiology ... x 10d • 1st CDI ... for recurrent CDI ... IDSA 2021 CDI
Immune Reactions and Immunosuppressant Drugs

Glucocorticoids - Inhibition of cytokine synthesis, e.g., IL-1, IL-2
Muromonab-CD3 - Monoclonal antibody
Calcineurin
IL-2 Muromonab-CD3 ... #Pharmacology #Pathophysiology
Reactive Arthritis
 • Inflammation of joints (commonly large joints)
    - Asymmetric Oligoarthritis: Joint
> Urethritis - dysuria ... ReactiveArthritis #pathophysiology
Inflammatory mechanism of asthma. 
Airway epithelial cells exposed to activation stimuli, including allergens, viruses, and irritants,
dendritic cell (DC ... activate naive CD4 ... #asthma #pathophysiology