25 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... Assess volume status ... hypothyroidism • adrenal ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Non-reabsorbed anions ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology ... #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... of hypokalemia starts ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm ... #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Non-reabsorbable anions ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... mechanism 2) Volume Status ... , Ingestion Renal ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... wasting from other causes ... causes • Laxative ... Non-reabsorbable anions ... differential #potassium #nephrology
The rationale for aggressive treatment of generalized status epilepticus was described previously here.  In short,
of generalized status ... epilepticus which may cause ... epilepticus may cause ... #Management #Neurology ... Refractory #Seizures #Algorithm
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... Sodium loss (diuretics ... diagnosis #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia is usually caused ... attention to volume status ... Assess volume status ... Diagnosis #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Diarrhea • RENAL ... altered mental status ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology