421 results
Unmeasured Anions Associated with an Elevated Anion Gap and Metabolic Acidosis

#Unmeasured #Anions #Gap #Metabolic #Acidosis #Diagnosis
Unmeasured Anions ... #Unmeasured #Anions ... Diagnosis #Nephrology #Table
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 
OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY. 

Primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency:
 - Tiredness, weakness, mental depression
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS ... OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY ... and secondary adrenal ... insipidus #Adrenal ... Insufficiency #Addisons
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Chloridorrhea Renal ... Non-reabsorbed anions ... • Penicillins Renal ... Aldosterone-secreting mass • Adrenal
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Primary Adrenal ... Damage of the adrenal ... aldosterone Causes of Adrenal ... melanoma Bilateral Adrenal ... insufficiency #addisons
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
oral intake Renal ... Nonreabsorbable anions ... • Renal tubular
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
evaluate cause of renal ... h of infusion Adrenal ... CT scan, adrenal ... • Congenital adrenal ... Screening #Workup #table
Summary of dosing recommendations in renal impairment of commonly used hypoglycaemic agents

#Diabetes #Diabetic #Medications #Pharmacology #Dosing
recommendations in renal ... Dosing #Dosing #Renal ... Impairment #CKD #Table
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Non-reabsorbable anions
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Hypothyroidism - Adrenal ... Suppressed - Advanced renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism

Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone)
 - Diabetic Nephropathy 
 - NSAIDs
Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
heparin - Primary adrenal ... insufficiency - Critical ... Aldosterone #Comparison #Table