76 results
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 
OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY. 

Primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency:
 - Tiredness, weakness, mental depression
hypotension - Nausea ... thyroid disease - Central ... nervous system symptoms ... Headache, visual symptoms ... Insufficiency #Addisons
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO)
 - Pathophysiology not fully understood; possibly due to thrombus located in
Central Retinal ... located in the central ... Second most common cause ... disease (Most common cause ... Ophthalmology #Fundoscopy
Pathological Optic Disc Cupping

Note cup-to-disc ratio at least 0.8 (physiologic limit of 0.5).

Thinning of optic disc
Usual cause is glaucoma ... Glaucoma causes ... of optic nerve axons ... OpticDisc #Cupping #fundoscopy
Cotton Wool Spots

Caused by microinfarcts. Exploded ganglion cell axons extrude their axoplasm into retina. Long DDx:
Wool Spots Caused ... ganglion cell axons ... CottonWool #Spots #fundoscopy
HINTS Exam - Bidirectional Nystagmus 

In a patient with vertigo symptoms, this finding is worrisome for
patient with vertigo symptoms ... worrisome for a CENTRAL ... cause of vertigo ... Positive #Neurology #Central
HINTS Exam - Abnormal Test of Skew (Abnormal Vertical Skew)

In a patient with vertigo symptoms, this
patient with vertigo symptoms ... worrisome for a CENTRAL ... cause of vertigo ... Neurology #Vertigo #Central
HINTS Exam - Normal Head Impulse Test = Central Cause

This patient as a normal head impulse
Impulse Test = Central ... Cause This patient ... patient with vertigo symptoms ... worrisome for a CENTRAL ... cause of vertigo
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
Causes of Peripheral ... and Central Vertigo ... CENTRAL VERTIGO ... #Peripheral #Central ... #Vertigo #Causes
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
Causes of Dizziness ... vomiting, auditory symptoms ... Bone Fracture Central ... Imbalance, neurologic symptoms ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Tuberculosis: can cause ... Androgens: • Symptoms ... physical: - Symptoms ... insufficiency #addisons ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms