2676 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Ureterosigmoidoscopy • HTN, Low ... Non-reabsorbable anions ... causes #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Unmeasured Anions Associated with an Elevated Anion Gap and Metabolic Acidosis

#Unmeasured #Anions #Gap #Metabolic #Acidosis #Diagnosis
Unmeasured Anions ... #Unmeasured #Anions ... Acidosis #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Distribution of Magnesium in the Body
66% in Bones
33% in Muscles
1% in Serum
 • 60-70% Free (ionized)
10% Complexed w/ low ... molecular weight anions ... Distribution #Mg #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Non-reabsorbed anions ... Renin-Secreting Tumor Low ... aldosteronism Low ... Renin, Low Aldosterone ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Hypoxia and Hypoxemia - Overview
Hypoxia - insufficient oxygen delivered to tissues to meet demands
Hypoxemia - low
cardiac output) - Low ... SvO2 → Low PaO2 ... COHb, MetHb) - Low ... CaO2 → Low SvO2 ... → Low PaO2 CYTOPATHIC
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
consumption • Low ... Non-reabsorbable anions ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Diagnosis Algorithm Low ... Nonreabsorbable anions
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
pressure - Normal/low ... Serum albumin - Low ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
- Urine sodium low ... and uric acid low ... Algorithm #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Uric Acid - Low ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium #low #uricacid