14 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
- Polyuria - Hypomagnesemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Hypomagnesemia - ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Diagnosis Algorithm Low ... Medication • Hypomagnesemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #Classification
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... osmotic diuresis, Potassium ... aldosteronism #Hypomagnesemia ... #Causes #differential ... nephrology #magnesium #low
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification

Hypovolemic (Intravascular volume depletion)
 - Hemorrhagic 
   • Trauma
Differential Diagnosis by Classification ... exacerbation (any cause ... obstruction to blood flow ... Differential #Diagnosis #Classification ... #Table #CriticalCare
Aortic Stenosis Grading on echocardiography
The cut-offs for grading can be found in table 1. Discrepancies are
can be found in table ... and are usually caused ... measurements - high or low ... flow - extremes ... AorticStenosis #Classification
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Potassium-Binding ... Side Effects: Hypomagnesemia ... hypokalemia); nausea ... of aspiration #Potassium ... #pharmacology #table
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
Vaughan Williams Classification ... of phase 4 to slow ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Antiarrhythmics Pharmacology Summary
Cardiac Conduction Phases:
Phase 0 - Ventricular Depolarization:
 • Na+ channels open leading to a
open leading to slow ... Vaughan Williams Classification ... repolarization CLASS 3 - Potassium ... #Pharmacology #Classification ... #Classes #pathophysiology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... Gitelman syndrome, Hypomagnesemia ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium