483 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hypokalemia #Diagnosis #EM #IM #Nephro #Hypokalemia #Acidosis #Alkalosis #Algorithm #Differential #Ddxof
Evaluation of Hypokalemia ... EM #IM #Nephro #Hypokalemia ... #Acidosis #Alkalosis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Renal tubular acidosis ... Catecholamines - Alkalosis ... proliferation - Hypokalemic ... DrEricStrong #Hypokalemia
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Algorithm Acidosis ... Periodic paralysis Alkalosis ... Metabolic alkalosis ... NephTwitter) #Hypokalemia
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Inherited (AR) hypokalemic ... • Unexplained hypokalemia ... hypomagnesemia • Metabolic alkalosis ... Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis ... Renal tubular acidosis
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic ... congenital), Thyrotoxic hypokalemic ... Renal tubular acidosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... Before evaluating hypokalemia ... in evaluating hypokalemia ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Metabolic acidosis
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia ... with renal tubal acidosis ... and metabolic alkalosis ... wasting syndrome Hypovolemia
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications
GASTROINTESTINAL
 • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation
 • Recurrent vomiting exposes
ELECTROLYTES • Hypokalemic ... lead to metabolic alkalosis ... lead to metabolic acidosis ... ) • Overall: hypokalemia
Citrate Anticoagulation Toxicity

Hypernatremia (HyperNa):
 - Citrate solutions may have ↑ sodium content and should be paired
circulation → ↓Mg Hypocalcemia ... Anion-Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... metabolism Metabolic alkalosis
“H’s & T’s“ - The reversible causes of Cardiac Arrest 
Hypovolemia, Hypoxia/Hypoxemia, Hydrogen Ion Excess (Acidosis),
Cardiac Arrest Hypovolemia ... Hydrogen Ion Excess (Acidosis ... ), Hypokalemia/Hyperkalemia