835 results
Mechanisms of Loop Diuretic Action and Resistance. Panel A, loop diuretics circulate bound to protein. As
lumen by organic anion ... #Pathophysiology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
extracellular anion ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology
Unmeasured Anions Associated with an Elevated Anion Gap and Metabolic Acidosis

#Unmeasured #Anions #Gap #Metabolic #Acidosis #Diagnosis
Unmeasured Anions ... with an Elevated Anion ... #Unmeasured #Anions
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
3) Follow the anion ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology
Metabolic Pathways of Toxic Alcohols 

Panel A shows the metabolic pathways of toxic alcohols. Alcohol dehydrogenase
the osmolal and anion ... Conversely, the serum anion ... onset of the high anion-gap ... #Pathophysiology
Low Anion Gap - Various causes and mechanisms of a Low Anion Gap
 • Hypoalbuminemia (1gm
Low Anion Gap - ... mechanisms of a Low Anion ... to 2.5 for the anion ... gap) • Normal anion
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis - Gap and Non-Gap - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Elevated Anion Gap
Algorithm • Elevated Anion ... H+) • Normal Anion
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis with Elevated Anion Gap - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated Anion Gap > 12
with Elevated Anion ... Algorithm Elevated Anion ... Need to correct anion ... add 2.5 to the anion ... production and anion
Hypoalbuminemia and hypophosphatemia can mask an anion gap (particularly, low albumin states usually underestimate the anion
hypophosphatemia can mask an anion ... underestimate the anion ... estimate the normal anion ... the calculated anion
DKA DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA:
1. Serum glucose >250 mg/dL
2. Arterial pH <7.3
3. Serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L
4. At least
and significant anion ... present with a serum anion ... the increase in anion ... of the ketoacid anions ... continue until the anion