12 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... Metabolic acidosis ... Non-reabsorbable anions ... #nephrology
Approach to Acid Base Disorders - Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis
1) Start with the Anion Gap (AG).
2)
Approach to Acid ... Start with the Anion ... 3) Now, look at ... Generally, for acid ... Diagnosis: • Anion
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis ... alkalosis ... - Normal/low blood ... tubular acidosis • Anion ... poisoning • Normal acid-base
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... /low blood pressure ... poisoning Normal acid-base ... #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Decreased Intake: • Low ... - Gitelman SIGNS ... secretion • Acid-base ... extracellular anion ... components of acid-base
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... alkalosis ↓ ↑ ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid ... #Base #Gas #VBG
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
consumption • Low ... Alkalosis: Emesis ... Non-reabsorbable anions ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Acid-base ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Vitamin or folic acid ... nonreabsorbed anions ... #Potassium #Classification
Citrate Anticoagulation Toxicity

Hypernatremia (HyperNa):
 - Citrate solutions may have ↑ sodium content and should be paired
circulation → ↓Mg Hypocalcemia ... , "unmeasured" anion ... dysfunction or low ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Toxicity #toxicology #nephrology
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications
GASTROINTESTINAL
 • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation
 • Recurrent vomiting exposes
hormonal imbalances (low ... alkalosis (loss ... abuse may lead to metabolic ... ) • Overall: hypokalemia ... pathophysiology #diagnosis #signs