10 results
Metabolic and Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis - Diagnostic Algorithm

Anion gap - MUDPILES: 
 - Methanol (formic
Diagnostic Algorithm Anion ... Methanol (formic acid ... glycol (-> oxalic acid ... late) Normal anion ... Recommended Text: Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Losses: • Normal Acid-Base ... Non-reabsorbable anions ... @priti899 #Hypokalemia ... potassium #low #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
, Pyroglutamic acid ... Hypokalemia ... Hyperkalemia ... Acid loads (ammonium ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... Anion gap? ... ↑ ↑ Metabolic alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... Before evaluating hypokalemia ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... Non-reabsorbable anions ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
tubular acidosis Anion ... poisoning Normal acid-base ... indicated causes of anion ... and potassium acid ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
to be higher in Asians ... H+ secretion → Hypokalemia ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Pathophysiology #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Acid-base ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Vitamin or folic acid ... nonreabsorbed anions ... Low #Potassium #Classification
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications
GASTROINTESTINAL
 • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation
 • Recurrent vomiting exposes
inflammation -> Acid ... ELECTROLYTES • Hypokalemic ... lead to metabolic alkalosis ... ) • Overall: hypokalemia ... pathophysiology #diagnosis #signs
Citrate Anticoagulation Toxicity

Hypernatremia (HyperNa):
 - Citrate solutions may have ↑ sodium content and should be paired
circulation → ↓Mg Hypocalcemia ... convert to mmol/L Anion-Gap ... , "unmeasured" anion ... metabolism Metabolic alkalosis ... Toxicity #toxicology #nephrology