13 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
vs Secondary vs ... Comparison: • Primary ... Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Primary vs Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency - Pathophysiology
Primary AI = adrenal glands themselves are the problem. This
Primary vs Secondary ... Insufficiency - Pathophysiology ... Primary AI = adrenal ... Insufficiency #Pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... Secondary hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
• Primary Sjögren's is a solitary process whereas secondary Sjögren's
process whereas secondary ... diseases • In secondary ... erythematosus (SLE) Signs ... Sjogrens #Syndrome #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Approach to Thyroid Function Tests in the Evaluation of Hyperthyroidism
 • Low TSH, Low normal T4
high T4 +/- T3 → Primary ... Hyperthyroidism → Signs ... T3 → Central (secondary ... algorithm #diagnosis #endocrinology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... and metabolic alkalosis ... renal bruit or signs ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Hypothyroidism, Primary
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
clinical findings Primary ... spermatic vein Secondary ... • Primary varicocele ... #Varicocele #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
• Acne • If secondary ... not a feature of primary ... hypernatremia, metabolic alkalosis ... Hypercortisolism #Diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
3) Follow the anion ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
• Insomnia Primary ... thyroiditis Secondary ... #differential #endocrinology ... #signs #symptoms