15 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary ... vs Secondary vs ... Comparison: • Primary ... Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... tubular acidosis • Anion ... Algorithm #causes #urinary
Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
• Primary Sjögren's is a solitary process whereas secondary Sjögren's
s Syndrome: Pathogenesis ... process whereas secondary ... diseases • In secondary ... erythematosus (SLE) Signs ... Pathophysiology #Diagnosis #Signs
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... tubular acidosis Anion ... indicated causes of anion
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
mEq/g suggests urinary ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... , Gitelman syndrome ... Non-reabsorbable anions
Primary Hyperthyroidism - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Note: Although rare, gestational diseases can lead to thyrotoxicosis due
Primary Hyperthyroidism ... Secondary hyperthyroidism ... Signs/Symptoms: ... Pretibial myxedema #Primary ... Hyperthyroidism #endocrinology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... and metabolic alkalosis ... renal bruit or signs ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... Hypothyroidism, Primary
Causes of Adrenal Insufficiency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ACTH-Dependent (Secondary):
 • Pituitary Dysfunction
 • Hypothalamic Dysfunction
ACTH-Independent (Primary):
ACTH-Dependent (Secondary ... ACTH-Independent (Primary ... Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome ... Algorithm #Causes #endocrinology
Approach to Thyroid Function Tests in the Evaluation of Hyperthyroidism
 • Low TSH, Low normal T4
high T4 +/- T3 → Primary ... Hyperthyroidism → Signs ... T3 → Central (secondary ... algorithm #diagnosis #endocrinology
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
Cushing's Syndrome ... • Acne • If secondary ... hypernatremia, metabolic alkalosis ... Hypercortisolism #Diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #endocrinology