12 results
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Gitelman Syndrome ... Pathophysiology ... to be higher in Asians ... Hypokalemia Metabolic alkalosis ... #Syndrome #Pathophysiology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis ... responsive metabolic alkalosis ... resistant metabolic alkalosis ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... tubular acidosis • Anion
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... responsive metabolic alkalosis ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... tubular acidosis Anion ... indicated causes of anion
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis ... Non-reabsorbed anions ... Hypomagnesemia • Barrter's/Gitelman's
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
- Metabolic Alkalosis ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... Non-reabsorbable anions
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... cotransporter • Gitelman's ... hypomagnesemia • Metabolic alkalosis ... Hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis ... nephrology #management #pathophysiology
Femoral Head Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Posterior hip dislocation -> Impaction force from femoral
onto lateral hip Signs ... Changes • Non-union ... msk #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
3) Follow the anion ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Inflammatory Disease: (i.e. GCA, SLE, GPA) ->
Ganglion cells and axons ... Occlusion #CRAO #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs
Panic Disorder: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Social Factors
 • Parenting and infant attachment
 • Childhood illness/abuse
 •
-> respiratory alkalosis ... BehavioralDisorder #Pathophysiology ... diagnosis #symptoms #signs