10 results
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
HIV / AIDS - Differential ... Imaging: - MRI ... Demyelinating disease ... caused by the JC ... diagnosis #AIDS
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Compatible syndrome + MRI ... lung nodules, may also ... Lesions #Brain #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #radiology #neurology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
dementia Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis: MRI ... reversible • HAND is also ... disorder #dementia #AIDS ... #Neurology
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
is important, as ... pachymeningitis • HIV ... neuropathy (LHON) plus MRI ... BEE #Syndromes #neurology ... noninflammatory #differential
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
monophasic Pathophysiology ... causes need to ... simplex virus, HIV ... #management #neurology ... #differential
Guillain-Barre Syndrome - Summary

Acute AIDP that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness

Epidemiology:
 • 1-2 cases/100,000 per
Summary Acute AIDP ... Guillain-Barre Pathophysiology ... response preceding infection ... Campylobacter jejuni - HIV ... axonal form • MRI
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
Acute autoimmune demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy that presents with rapidly progressive flaccid weakness
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: 1
Incidence: 1 to 2 cases ... immunodeficiency virus (HIV ... the underlying pathophysiology ... or axonal • MRI ... #management #neurology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
may precede the neurologic ... Shock, Autoimmune disease ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... edema visualized as ... Reversible course Differential
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
Diagnosis Framework ... affects the skin, neurologic ... oligoclonal bands • MRI ... tract, and often causes ... aneurysms can also
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... - Causes progressive ... MRI: Brain, cervical ... conditions listed in differential ... Lateral #Sclerosis #neurology