15 results
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
Association functional class ... or signs of heart ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... #CHF #Congestive ... #Stages #Classes
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
maintained fever CAUSES ... hyperthermia crisis (late sign ... Phaeochromocytoma Neurologic ... blood • Hypoxic encephalopathy ... #Differential #Causes
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... improvement in symptoms ... composite endpoint of all-cause ... iron #deficiency #CHF
Generalized Seizures and Pseudoseizures
Generalized seizures "are conceptualized as originating as some point within, and rapidly engaging,
and metabolic causes ... Pseudoseizures #GrandMal #Classification ... #Diagnosis #Neurology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Comparison
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... present in 15% of cases ... Demyelinating disease caused ... rapidly progressive encephalopathy ... • VZV • HIV encephalopathy
Hepatic Encephalopathy - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Definition:
 • Alteration in brain function manifested by neuropsychiatric symptoms
neuropsychiatric symptoms ... rule out other causes ... of neurologic/cognitive ... can be used in cases ... #Grading #Classification
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy ... may precede the neurologic ... Etiology: • Pathophysiology ... Neurological symptoms ... edema visualized as
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... - Causes progressive ... fasciculations Common Symptoms ... Escorial criteria uses ... Lateral #Sclerosis #neurology
Characteristics of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
 • Onset: Sudden
 • Intensity: Severe initially, often decreasing
toward forehead) in classic ... with vascular causes ... #findings #signs ... #symptoms #comparison ... #neurology
Differentiating NBTE from Infective Endocarditis
No pathognomonic signs/symptoms or echo features that are specific to NBTE, and
pathognomonic signs ... /symptoms or echo ... Autoimmune (SLE/APLS ... in up to 30% of cases ... #Endocarditis #comparison