33 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... (late) • High Urine ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • Low Urine ... (late) • High Urine ... artery stenosis, Renin-secreting ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
clots ➔ Lower Urinary ... disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... Upper and Lower urinary ... #urology #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... - Metabolic Alkalosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
microscopy / urinary ... calcium Optional: urinary ... osmolarity If cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... , Gitelman syndrome ... the indicated causes ... #Urinary #Chloride ... #nephrology #differential
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... and concentrated urine ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... #Microscopy #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... > 20 meq/L • Primary ... mutation) • Renin-secreting ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... starts by measuring urinary ... renovascular HT, Renin-secreting ... #nephrology #potassium
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... anywhere in the urinary ... also be seen if urine ... #Microscopy #Atlas ... key #diagnosis #nephrology