11 results
Kidney stone type, corresponding urine sediment, urinary risk factors, and associated clinical settings.
#Diagnosis #Nephrology #Urine #Microscopy
Kidney stone type ... corresponding urine ... and associated clinical ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology ... #Urine #Microscopy
Urine Microscopy - Kidney Stones and Crystals 

Uric Acid, Cystine, Hippurate, Cloth Fiber, Tyrosine, CaOx, CaP,
Urine Microscopy ... - Kidney Stones ... Differential #Shapes #Diagnosis ... #Clinical #Stones ... #Key #Nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... microscopy / urinary ... investigations abnormal ... investigations depending on clinical ... context and signs
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Kidney ... Cl- outside the kidneys ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
↑ Aldosterone: Kidney ... syndrome Low-normal ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Elevated Renin Urine ... excretion of Cl > 0.5% Clinical ... Renal Imaging: - Normal ... #Workup #nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
nonspecific; seen in normal ... and concentrated urine ... broad - Advanced kidney ... #Differential #Microscopy ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
differentiating kidney ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
tubule (DCT) Clinical ... Metabolic alkalosis • Normal ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #nephrology #management
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Common clinical ... Acute meningeal signs ... established by CSF or urine ... #neurology #meningitis