7 results
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Hypoventilation: CNS ... Hypoventilation Syndrome ... Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... UnremarkableLab #AA ... Hypoxia #hypoxemia #differential
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Differentials? ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Classically” noted with pulmonary ... acidosis: - CNS ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
Differentiation Syndrome ... ATRA treatment Pathophysiology ... Imaging: CXR- pulmonary ... initiation • Differential ... APML #diagnosis #management
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
Vasculitis - Differential ... affects the skin, neurologic ... cognitive impairment, neurologic ... fluid (CSF) is abnormal ... chorioretinitis, CNS
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
especially the CNS ... MC: CNS CSF: • ... level • A low or normal ... Aspergillosis Pathophysiology ... Fungal #Diagnosis #Management
Transverse Myelitis Overview

Focal inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord resulting in rapid onset of weakness, sensory
monophasic Pathophysiology ... that results in CNS ... Sjogren's • CSF: - Abnormal ... Myelitis #diagnosis #management ... #neurology #differential
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... Metabolic alkalosis • Normal ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #management #pathophysiology