13 results
Causes of Secondary / Provoked Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Febrile
Infection
 • Sepsis
 • Encephalitis
 • Meningitis
Metabolic
Causes of Secondary ... Hyperglycemia • Hypocalcemia ... Degenerative • Dementia ... Provoked #Seizures #Neurology ... #Differential #
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
, Pyroglutamic acid ... Renal failure (acute ... Acid loads (ammonium ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential ... #nephrology
Differential Diagnosis: New-Onset Seizure in the Elderly

STRUCTURAL:
 • Stroke/TIA, Subdural hematoma, mass
 • Traumatic Brain Injury
Differential Diagnosis ... Injury (TBI) - Acute ... cardiovascular causes ... • Sleep Disorders ... Seizure #Elderly #Neurology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup and Differential ... heart failure, neurologic ... including hypokalemia ... Neurologic disorders ... #Differential #
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... Acute or chronic ... Compensation, Acute ... sedation, narcotics, CVA ... ABG #bloodgas #Acid
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework

HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES:
Hyperviscosity Syndrome:
 • Spontaneous bleeding
 • Shortness of breath
Emergencies - Differential ... of breath • Neurologic ... Superior Vena Cava ... Hyperuricemia • Acute ... #diagnosis #cancer
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... hypomagnesemia), Eating disorders ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Dysphagia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Symptom | Diagnosis
• Solid-food dysphagia present for months to years | Mechanical
Dysphagia - Differential ... • Muscular or neurologic ... Other - ALS, Dementia ... weight loss or acute ... the underlying cause
Hearing Loss - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hearing Loss Types:
• Conductive
• Sensorineural
• Mixed
Presbycusis is the most common type
Hearing Loss - Differential ... Infection or cancer ... cause unknown) ... Mitochondrial disorders ... trauma ○ MS, CVA
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
may precede the neurologic ... Autoimmune disease, Cancer ... Reversible course Differential ... syndrome, ADEM, Acute ... the underlying cause