11 results
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
papilledema • Horner syndrome ... history of cancer, HIV ... ) • Systemic symptoms ... brain lesion • CNS ... #Algorithm #neurology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... cells per μL • Diagnosis ... : Fever, headache ... : Fever, headache ... : • CNS Syphilis
Syphilis - Clinical Manifestations and Treatment

1) Primary Syphilis
 • Direct lesion contact during sex is responsible
Albuminuria, nephrotic syndrome ... , meningitis, ocular ... individuals with HIV ... infected without symptoms ... #stages #diagnosis
The Stages of Syphilis 

Primary Syphilis 
- The chancre lesion is the hallmark of primary syphilis.
- Ocular syphilis ... and nephrotic syndrome ... exposure to or symptoms ... impairments, and dementia ... Latent #Tertiary #Diagnosis
BEE Syndromes - Non-inflammatory Causes

Immune-mediated conditions affecting the Brain, Eye, and Ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in
conjunction with symptoms ... nervous system (CNS ... Infectious • Syphilis ... pachymeningitis • HIV ... #neurology #noninflammatory
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
dementia Pathophysiology ... • Depressive symptoms ... Diagnosis: MRI ... The clinical syndrome ... #AIDS #Neurology
Behçet's Syndrome
Systemic disease associated with inflammation of multiple organs, small-vessel vasculitis and large-vessel vasculopathy
Epidemiology:
 • Young
ulceration • Ocular ... skin injury) • Neurologic ... symptoms (headache ... ) Differential Diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ... (IRIS): • In HIV ... • Papilledema, headache ... or abruptly • CN ... #Tuberculosis #diagnosis
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
Herpesviruses (MCC: HSV ... Coltivirus Symptoms ... • In tertiary syphilis ... influenzae Symptoms ... #neurology #meningitis
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
Presentation: Systemic Symptoms ... 50 years • New headache ... • Progressive symptoms ... of headache, cognitive ... impairment, neurologic