21 results
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
Alzheimer's (99% of cases ... chromosome 21) Signs ... incontinence, apraxia ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology ... geriatrics #diagnosis #signs
Causes of Hemiplegia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cerebral Hemisphere (Contralateral motor cortex)
 • Aphasia
 • Apraxia
 •
Causes of Hemiplegia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Apraxia • ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect
Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
 • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
Dose-dependent tremor, ataxia ... dizziness, diplopia, ataxia ... Systemic effect -> Nausea ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology
Hypothyroidism – symptoms and signs.

Symptoms: 
Tiredness/malaise, 
Weight gain,
Anorexia,
Cold intolerance, 
Poor memory,
Change in appearance, 
Depression, 
Poor libido,
– symptoms and signs ... , Deafness Signs ... Psychosis/dementia, Ataxia ... Hypothyroid #Features #Signs ... Symptoms #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam
Causes of Tremors - Movement Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Action Tremor - Occurs During Voluntary Muscle
Causes of Tremors ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... spinocerebellar ataxia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes
Causes of Gait Disturbance - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Sporadic
 • Vascular
 • Infection
 • Toxic
 • Nutrition
Causes of Gait Disturbance ... Degenerative Sensory Ataxia ... Spinocerebellar Ataxia ... • Friedrich's Ataxia ... #Causes
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... → Syncope • Signs ... electrolyte losses - Ataxia ... muscle function, Ataxia ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
CNS: Tremors, Ataxia ... Syndrome #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
The Inhibited Pathway caused by N2O, leading to a decrease in the active form of Vitamin
Inhibited Pathway caused ... effects including ataxia ... use of N2O can cause ... #Pathophysiology
Abnormalities in Rate and Rhythm of Breathing 
Normal 
The respiratory rate is about 14—20 per min
Ataxic Breathing ... Blot's Breathing) Ataxic ... punctuated by frequent sighs ... Occasional sighs ... Abnormal #Diagnosis #PhysicalExam