89 results
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect
Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
 • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
Anticonvulsants as ... Stevens-Johnson Syndrome ... Dose-dependent tremor, ataxia ... dizziness, diplopia, ataxia ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Haemolytic anaemia, ataxia ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... Vitamins #Deficiency #differential ... #diagnosis #signs
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... WBC >100k, + lab signs ... : • Pathophysiology ... #management #hematology
Maculopapular - Diagnostic Algorithm
Pathophysiology:
- Catch-all term with a wide range of potential pathophysiologic mechanisms and causative
: - Catch-all term ... lesions may start as ... - Pathophysiology ... Ill-appearing, vital sign ... Targetoid #Algorithm #Differential
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
Refeeding Syndrome ... Risk of Refeeding Syndrome ... CNS: Tremors, Ataxia ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome (WPW) is one of several disorders of the electrical system of the heart that
Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome ... pre-excitation syndromes ... pathway between the atria ... pathway (known as ... #Pathophysiology
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
mutations - Down syndrome ... chromosome 21) Signs ... incontinence, apraxia ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology ... geriatrics #diagnosis #signs
Pulmonary Pathology and Associated Lung Ultrasound Findings
Pneumothorax:
 - No lung sliding/barcode sign
 - Lung point (hard
sliding/barcode sign ... Respiratory Distress Syndrome ... submassive PE) POCUS ... #pulmonary #differential ... #Lung #POCUS #ultrasound
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... lumbar spine Signs ... • As soon as ... #CaudaEquina #Syndrome ... #MSK #pathophysiology
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential ... Hyperkinetic LVEF is also ... Ophthalmoplegia - Ataxia ... Manifestations #Differential ... beriberi #nutrition #pathophysiology