1997 results
This is ATRIAL FIBRILLATION. Fibrillating right atria and rapid ventricular response.
Pulmonary vein isolation was performed and
This is ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ... Fibrillating right atria ... Pulmonary vein isolation
ECG changes in Pulmonary Embolism
 - 
Sinus tachycardia 
 - 
Complete or incomplete RBBB 
 -
ECG changes in Pulmonary ... V1 - Right atrial ... enlargement (P pulmonale ... rotation - Atrial ... - #Pulmonary
Heart Pressures - Reference Cheat Sheet
Formula Review Guide for Heart pressure American Society of Echocardiography
Echocardiography - Right Atrial ... RAP) - Mean Pulmonary ... Ventricular Pressure - Pulmonary ... Pressure - Pulmonary ... PVR) - Left Atrial
Atrial Fibrillation - Diagnosis, Causes, Presentations
Causes (PIRATES):
 - Pulmonary embolism 
 - Ischemia (cardiac) 
 -
Atrial Fibrillation ... (PIRATES): - Pulmonary ... Repiratory disease - Atrial ... Rezapour @prezapour #Atrial
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
• At least 3 different P wave morphologies: 
• Rate 100-180
• Irregular 
Etiology
Multifocal Atrial ... • Hypoxia • Pulmonary ... #Multifocal #Atrial
Right Heart Cath - Normal Cardiac Pressures

Right Atrial Pressure (RAP) or Central Venous Pressure (CVP)
 •
Pressures Right Atrial ... mmHg (Diastolic) Pulmonary ... Diastolic) Left Atrial ... Pressure or Pulmonary
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
lung disease • Pulmonary ... Arterial Hypertension ... Defect ** • Atrial ... Septal Defect Pulmonary ... Algorithm #Causes #Pulmonary
Treatment of Stable Narrow-Complex Tachycardia
Regular Rhythm:
 • Attempt vagal maneuvers
 • Give adenosine 6 milligrams IV
convert - Possible atrial ... flutter, ectopic atrial ... with caution in pulmonary ... Rhythm: • Probable atrial ... with caution in pulmonary
Abnormal Jugular Venous Pressure Waveforms - Differential Diagnosis
 - Absent a wave - Atrial fibrillation, sinus
Absent a wave - Atrial ... Flutter waves - Atrial ... stenosis, right atrial ... myxoma, pulmonary ... regurgitation, atrial
Atrial Fibrillation Overview

Symptoms:
Palpitations, light-headedness, dizziness, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, chest pain, near-syncope, syncope.

1. Why?
Cardiac:
• Valvular heart disease
•
Atrial Fibrillation ... Noncardiac: • Pulmonary ... Anticoagulation #Atrial