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Red cell autoagglutination is the process whereby red cells clump together forming aggregates. This is seen
Red cell autoagglutination ... Autoagglutination ... Microscopy #RBC #Autoagglutination
Red cell autoagglutination is the process whereby red cells clump together forming aggregates. This is seen
Red cell autoagglutination ... Autoagglutination ... Microscopy #RBC #Autoagglutination
Codocytes (Target cells) - Two target cells are seen in the left photo and one in
Codocytes (Target ... #Blood #Smear #Codocytes
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Nephrotic yndrome—podocyte ... 10 (eg direct podocyte ... damage) or 20 (podocyte
Spectrum of Glomerular Diseases
Nephrotic - Mechanism:
 • Injury to podocytes
 • Changed architecture: Scanning. Deposition of
• Injury to podocytes
Innate Immune Cells - Pathophysiology
The innate immune system consists of granulocytes, mast cells, natural killer cells,
killer cells, and monocytes ... Monocytes and neutrophils ... Monocytes and B-cells
Lab patterns seen in Inborn Errors of Metabolism

A table of lab values compiled from UpToDate and
See IEM schema for ... NICU #Genetics #IEM
Podocytopathies - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

No podocytopenia - EM shows minimal change disease
 • Minimal Change Nephropathy
Podocytopenia
podocytopenia - EM ... • FSGS NOS Podocyte ... Podocytopathy #podocytes
Characteristics of Selected Pneumonias

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Gram-positive diplococci. 
Haemophilus influenzae. Pleomorphic gram-negative coccobacilli. 
Staphylococcus aureus. Plump
PMNs and monocytes
Fever - Pyrogen Pathophysiology

EXOGENOUS PYROGEN
 • Bacteria: Lipopolysaccharide components, peptidoglycans and muramyl peptide derivatives, Toxins
 •
(neutrophils, monocytes ... thermoregulatory set