10 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... Familial renal Mg wasting ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Hypomagnesemia - Differential ... Urine Mg < 10g • Diarrhea ... • Gitelman's syndrome ... Hypomagnesemia #Magnesium ... #Low #Causes #Differential
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
potassium(K) & magnesium ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... consumption • Low ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... potassium #nephrology #low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... NG drainage - Diarrhea ... type 4) - Salt wasting ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
metastasis (hungry bone syndrome ... biliary fistula, Diarrhea ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes #differential ... diagnosis #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Hypokalemia - Differential ... <20mmol/d • Diarrhea ... • Magnesium depletion ... artery stenosis Low ... Hypokalemia #Nephrology #Differential
Clinical Presentations Suggestive of Infectious Diarrhea Etiologies
 • Persistent or chronic diarrhea - Cryptosporidium spp, Giardia
short-incubation emetic syndrome ... incubation emetic syndrome ... less - Norovirus (low-grade ... irritable bowel syndrome ... #diagnosis #differential
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... renal potassium wasting ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... • Potassium • Magnesium
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Gastrointestinal loss (diarrhea ... diuresis, salt-wasting ... Magnesium deficiency ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Low
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) Infections 

Mycobacterial species other than those belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and
Lady Windermere Syndrome ... : • Syndrome of ... Slow Growers (Runyon ... liver enzymes, diarrhea ... NTM #Infections #differential