15 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... Familial renal Mg wasting ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Low # ... Magnesium #Table
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
- Differential ... Urine Mg < 10g • Diarrhea ... • Gitelman's syndrome ... #Magnesium #Low ... #Causes #Differential
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
• Refeeding Syndrome ... Hypokalemia • Hypomagnesemia ... • Small bowel diarrhea ... : • Aluminum/Magnesium ... Steatorrhea • Chronic Diarrhea
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
NG drainage - Diarrhea ... type 4) - Salt wasting ... - Polyuria - Hypomagnesemia ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... biliary fistula, Diarrhea ... #Causes #differential ... diagnosis #nephrology #magnesium ... #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Congenital chloride diarrhea ... - Normal/low ... , Gitelman syndrome ... , Hypomagnesemia ... acidosis: Chronic diarrhea
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
potassium(K) & magnesium ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... consumption • Low ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... potassium #nephrology #low
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Side Effects: Hypomagnesemia ... constipation, diarrhea ... constipation, diarrhea ... #pharmacology #table ... #comparison #binders
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... diuretic use, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrome ... , Hypomagnesemia ... Algorithm #nephrology #differential
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... ) • Hypomagnesemia ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... • Potassium • Magnesium