9 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... Familial renal Mg wasting ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Low #Magnesium ... #Table #Classification
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
potassium(K) & magnesium ... differentiating kidney K wasting ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Cerebral salt wasting ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... #Hyponatremia #Differential ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome ... hypernatremia - Vomiting, Diarrhea ... Features #Diagnosis #Comparison ... #Table #Nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
metastasis (hungry bone syndrome ... biliary fistula, Diarrhea ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Hypokalemia - Differential ... <20mmol/d • Diarrhea ... • Magnesium depletion ... #Hypokalemia #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential ... Chloride-rich diarrhea ... Refeeding after fasting ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
nasogastric suction, Diarrhea ... diuresis, Bartter's syndrome ... use), Gitelman's syndrome ... Hypokalemia #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
renal potassium wasting ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... • Potassium • Magnesium ... #diagnosis #nephrology