13 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... NG drainage - Diarrhea ... proliferation - Hypokalemic ... Potassium #Table #Classification ... #Causes
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... Vomiting - Diarrhea ... #Hyponatremia #Classification ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
constipation, diarrhea ... , nausea, abdominal ... ); nausea, vomiting ... constipation, diarrhea ... pharmacology #table #comparison
Bedside Classification of Shock

Hypovolemic shock 

- Vomiting, diarrhea, overdiuresis 

- Hemorrhage (GI, peritoneal, RP) 

Distributive shock
Bedside Classification ... - Vomiting, diarrhea ... CM #Shock #Classification ... #Cardiogenic #Comparison ... Diagnosis #Features #Signs
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... Hypercalcemia - Hypokalemia ... Magnesium #Table #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Shock Classification Types - Pathophysiology Comparison

Obstructive Shock:
 • Obstructive shock is characterized by a blockage in
Shock Classification ... Pathophysiology Comparison ... in blood flow caused ... Depends on the cause ... Characterized by hypovolemia
Clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis. 
Neurological (<15%): Dizziness, syncope, seizures, Confusion, impending doom. headache
Angioedema: Lips, tongue, orbit,
ischemia, arrhythmia, hypovolemia ... arrest GI (>40%): Nausea ... , vomiting, diarrhea ... #anaphylaxis #signs
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 
OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY. 

Primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency:
 - Tiredness, weakness, mental depression
hypotension - Nausea ... , vomiting, diarrhea ... Hyperpigmentation - Hyperkalemia ... Insufficiency #Signs
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
→ Syncope • Signs ... Abdominal cramps, N/V, diarrhea ... , Vomiting, Diarrhea ... - Hyperkalemia ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Familial hypokalemic ... Gastrointestinal loss (diarrhea ... Low #Potassium #Classification ... #Causes