11 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... mineralocorticoid-like effect ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... #Urinary #Chloride
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
NG drainage - Diarrhea ... Ureterosigmoidostomy Urinary ... Diagnosis #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification ... #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary ... diarrhea), Sweat ... mineralocorticoid-like effect ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #urinary #chloride
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... mEq/g suggests urinary
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... secreting tumor, Primary ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Diarrhea B. ... Potassium-sparing ... loads (ammonium chloride ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... diarrhea (congenital ... tubule diuretic effect ... > 20 meq/L • Primary ... other • Severe potassium
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
130 mEq/L • Potassium ... development of metabolic ... - Protective effects ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... • Saline May Cause
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
inhibitors - Primary ... losses - Chronic diarrhea ... Hypercalcemia - Hypokalemia ... Magnesium #Table #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Gastrointestinal loss (diarrhea ... #Classification ... #Causes