7 results
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
hypomagnesemia • Metabolic ... (renal potassium ... Hypochloremic metabolic ... diarrhea Potential ... Supplement: • Potassium
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Diarrhea B. ... Potassium-sparing ... loads (ammonium chloride ... #NonGap #Metabolic
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
diarrhea ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... acidosis due to diarrhea ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... diarrhea (congenital ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... other • Severe potassium ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Gastrointestinal loss (diarrhea ... #Classification ... #Causes