9 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... Differential Diagnosis ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... Vomiting - Diarrhea ... #Classification
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... NG drainage - Diarrhea ... proliferation - Hypokalemic ... #Differential # ... Potassium #Table #Classification
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia ... losses, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... #Differential #
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... Hypercalcemia - Hypokalemia ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... Magnesium #Table #Classification
Heat Illnesses and Heat Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Heat Cramps:
 • Muscle pain or spasm -
Heat Stroke - Differential ... heat illness → Hypernatremia ... Collapse: • Pathophysiology ... Abdominal cramps, N/V, diarrhea ... Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia ... : • Hypovolemia ... Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea ... #Differential #
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Inherited (AR) hypokalemic ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... nephrology #management #pathophysiology ... #Hypokalemia
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Familial hypokalemic ... Gastrointestinal loss (diarrhea ... #Differential # ... Low #Potassium #Classification
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications
GASTROINTESTINAL
 • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation
 • Recurrent vomiting exposes
imbalances (low FSH and LH ... loss of HCO3- in diarrhea ... ) • Overall: hypokalemia ... hypochloremia, hypernatremia ... Complications #pathophysiology