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diagnosis causes algorithm nephrology hypokalemia alkalosis low metabolic magnesium pathophysiology table urinary hypochloremia hypomg management potassium syndrome urine workup
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... diarrhea), Sweat ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... syndrome, Hypomagnesemia ... acidosis: Chronic diarrhea
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Hypomagnesemia - ... losses - Chronic diarrhea ... syndromes - Gitelman ... #Differential # ... Magnesium #Table #Classification
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
diarrhea ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... syndrome, Hypomagnesemia ... acidosis due to diarrhea ... Algorithm #nephrology #differential
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
hypokalemia, mild hypomagnesemia ... potassium wasting) • Hypomagnesemia ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... • Congenital chloride ... diarrhea Potential
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... - Differential ... Urine Mg < 10g • Diarrhea ... nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC) • Gitelman's ... #Low #Causes #Differential
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Low intake • poor oral intake Renal loss • Medication • Hypomagnesemia •
Hypokalemia Differential ... Medication • Hypomagnesemia ... tubular acidosis • Gitelman's ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Algorithm #Causes #Classification
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Poor Intake - Starvation - Anorexia GI Losses - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... NG drainage - Diarrhea ... - Polyuria - Hypomagnesemia ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Potassium #Table #Classification
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Cause - Decreased Intake: • Low salt in diet • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... NGT suction - Diarrhea ... - Bartter - Gitelman ... • Fatigue Chloride ... Hypochloremia #Differential
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential ... contracted: urine chloride ... diarrhea (congenital ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Alcoholism (worsened by hypomagnesemia ... nasogastric suction, Diarrhea ... diuretic use), Gitelman's ... Fever Other: - Hypomagnesemia ... Hypokalemia #Causes #differential
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