7 results
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
(K) & magnesium( ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #low
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... Gastrointestinal loss: Diarrhea ... EABV, Low Plasma ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... #potassium #differential
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
2-2.5% or 24h Urine ... Mg < 10g • Diarrhea ... nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC) • Gitelman's ... Hypomagnesemia #Magnesium ... #Low #Causes #Differential
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... syndromes - Gitelman ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... • Magnesium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Congenital chloride diarrhea ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... Bartter syndrome, Gitelman ... of sodium and potassium ... Algorithm #nephrology #differential
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Gastrointestinal loss (diarrhea ... Magnesium deficiency ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Classification