9 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Hypokalemia - Differential ... NG drainage - Diarrhea ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Low #Potassium ... #Table #Classification
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... Differential Diagnosis ... Vomiting - Diarrhea ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Table
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Low #Magnesium ... #Table #Classification
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification

Hypovolemic (Intravascular volume depletion)
 - Hemorrhagic 
   • Trauma
Shock - Differential ... Diagnosis by Classification ... • Severe diarrhea ... #Diagnosis #Classification ... #Table #CriticalCare
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Potassium-Binding ... K; also binds magnesium ... constipation, diarrhea ... constipation, diarrhea ... #pharmacology #table
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... (K) & magnesium( ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
biliary fistula, Diarrhea ... osmotic diuresis, Potassium ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes #differential ... diagnosis #nephrology #magnesium
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Gastrointestinal loss (diarrhea ... Magnesium deficiency ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Low #Potassium ... #Classification
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Hypokalemia (renal potassium ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... Supplement: • Potassium ... • Magnesium