11 results
Acid Base and Blood Gas Analysis
1. pH - What’s the primary disturbance?
2. pCO2 - What’s the
pH - What’s the primary ... Alkalosis - “BLVD ... Vomiting D - Diarrhea ... Endocrine (Conn’s or Cushing ... acidbase #workup #algorithm
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Urinary Chloride ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #urinary
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... BAH, AME, GRA, Cushing's ... #Nephrology #Causes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Urinary Chloride ... Algorithm Cl- ... the indicated causes ... #Metabolic #Alkalosis
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm ... Acidosis - RTA - Diarrhea ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Primary hyperaldo ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Low intake • Metabolic ... Gl tract loss (Diarrhea ... Carbenoxolone, SAME, Cushing ... secreting tumor, Primary ... #causes #potassium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm ... wasting from other causes ... Laxative use • Diarrhea ... mEq/g suggests urinary ... Alkalosis: Emesis
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Chloride-rich diarrhea ... > 20 meq/L • Primary ... hyperaldosteronism) • Severe Cushing ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Cushing's Syndrome - Hypercortisolism - Diagnosis and Clinical Features
1) Skin
 • Thin, easily bruisable skin with
• Acne • If secondary ... Endocrine and metabolic ... menstrual cycles 5) Secondary ... hypernatremia, metabolic ... alkalosis (Due
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... BAH, AME, GRA, Cushing's ... #Nephrology #Causes