14 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
losses - Chronic diarrhea ... - Gitelman ... syndrome - ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential ... Low #Magnesium #Table
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Gastrointestinal loss: Diarrhea ... 11beta-hydroxylase deficiency ... diuretics, Mg2+ deficiency ... , Gitelman syndrome ... urine #potassium #differential
Refeeding Syndrome Overview

What Is It?
	• Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
may cause severe clinical ... overload) Other Symptoms ... Palpitations • Diarrhea ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment ... #Nutrition #Differential
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential ... Chloride-rich diarrhea ... -ß hydroxylase deficiency ... furosemide-like lesion) • Gitelman ... Metabolic #Alkalosis #Differential
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... tubule (DCT) Clinical ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Congenital chloride diarrhea ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
Signs of Copper Deficiency ... disease, Chronic diarrhoea ... , Short bowel syndrome ... dental fixatives, Treatment ... #riskfactors #symptoms
Thiamine Deficiency - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Clinical Manifestations

Causes of Thiamine Deficiency:
 • Poor intake:
	- Diets
Thiamine Deficiency ... - Differential ... Framework and Clinical ... Increased loss: - Diarrhea ... Manifestations #Differential
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
plasma insulin (treatment ... nasogastric suction, Diarrhea ... diuretic use), Gitelman's ... syndrome (mimics ... Hypokalemia #Causes #differential
Hyperthyroidism Overview

Clinical Manifestation of Hyperthyroidism:
 • Fatigue
 • Weight loss
 • Heat intolerance
 • Depression, nervousness
Hyperthyroidism Overview Clinical ... Perspiration - Diarrhea ... ↑ AST/ALT • Treatment ... causes #diagnosis #differential ... endocrinology #signs #symptoms
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency ... intrinsic factor, IF) Clinical ... tongue), abd pain, diarrhea ... , alcohol use, symptoms ... Check for IF ab Treatment