12 results
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... involving both UMN ... combination of UMN ... conditions listed in differential ... neurology #diagnosis #management
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Abnormal Liver Function ... Tests - Differential ... Severe - ALT >15X ULN ... Mild - ALT < 5x ULN ... LFTs #Elevated #Abnormal
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Liver Enzymes - Differential ... Severe ALT > 15x ULN ... disease US — Normal ... Bile Ducts • PSC ... #LiverEnzymes #Differential
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Pathophysiology ... • ALT & AST normal ... • Bilirubin - Normal ... • ALP > 1.5 x ULN ... bile ducts Differential
Bandemia Overview

Normal: < 1%
Clinically significant: > 10%

Band neutrophils are slightly less mature than segmented neutrophils and
) Differential ... • Abnormal temperature ... bacteremia • Abnormal ... #Bandemia #differential ... #pathophysiology
Autoimmune Hepatitis

Clinical Presentation
 - Highly variable clinical presentation, from subclinical disease to acute liver failure.
 -
reported (eg AIH-PBC ... upper limit of normal ... Hepatitis (eg Viral) Management ... AND IgG > 2x ULN ... AIH #Diagnosis #Management
Ascites - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Paracentesis studies: cell count + differential, albumin, protein, culture
 • Serum-ascites-albumin-gradient
Diagnosis and Management ... : cell count + differential ... source • SBP: PMN ... count (WBC x PMN ... Ascites #Diagnosis #Management
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ... ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ... - If both are normal ... of ALP • Near normal ... chemistry #diagnosis #differential
Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy (AFLP)
Pathophysiology:
 • Defect in fetal free fatty acid metabolism products →
Pregnancy (AFLP) Pathophysiology ... AST/ALT (5-10x ULN ... infiltration) Differential ... obgyn #diagnosis #management ... #pathophysiology
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
ATRA treatment Pathophysiology ... if high risk if WBC ... initiation • Differential ... 500 mg QD until normal ... APML #diagnosis #management