18 results
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ... finding of lateral sclerosis ... primary lateral sclerosis ... conditions listed in differential ... diagnosis column Treatment
Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) lesions are lesions occurring anywhere in the CNS from the brain up
Motor Neuron (UMN ... form part of the differential ... However, in UMN ... UMN lesions are ... and a positive Babinski
Peritonitis - Spontaneous vs Secondary vs Peritoneal Dialysis Associated Peritonitis
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis
 • Cirrhosis (high SAAG)
) + ascites w/ PMN ... > 250 • Treatment ... glucose < 50, LDH ULN ... Positive Culture • Treatment ... Peritoneal #diagnosis #differential
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Abnormal Liver Function ... Tests - Differential ... Severe - ALT >15X ULN ... Mild - ALT < 5x ULN ... LFTs #Elevated #Abnormal
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
Cord Disorders - Differential ... injury • Gait is abnormal ... : - Multiple sclerosis ... : Areflexia UMN ... plantar response LMN
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Liver Enzymes - Differential ... Severe ALT > 15x ULN ... Mild ALT < 5x ULN ... disease US — Normal ... #LiverEnzymes #Differential
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Multiple Sclerosis ... Examination: • UMN ... Hyperreflexia, Clonus, Babinski ... Treatment: • ... management #neurology #treatment
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
likely - Mid range/ULN ... FeCa <1 %) - Low normal ... • If all normal ... Hypercalcemia #workup #differential
Autoimmune Hepatitis

Clinical Presentation
 - Highly variable clinical presentation, from subclinical disease to acute liver failure.
 -
upper limit of normal ... ALT + AST > 10x ULN ... ALT + AST > 5x ULN ... AND IgG > 2x ULN ... regarding need for treatment
Hepatitis B - Treatment Indications
Treatment not indicated:
 • Immune tolerant state - HBe-Ag detectable, high HBV
Hepatitis B - Treatment ... (>10^6 IU/mL), normal ... (<2000 IU/mL), normal ... (>10^6 IU/mL), normal ... IU/mL and ALT > ULN