11 results
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ... finding of lateral sclerosis ... primary lateral sclerosis ... conditions listed in differential ... diagnosis column Treatment
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis
Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Abnormal Liver Function ... Tests - Differential ... Severe - ALT >15X ULN ... LFTs #Elevated #Abnormal ... Algorithm #diagnosis #hepatology
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Liver Enzymes - Differential ... Severe ALT > 15x ULN ... disease US — Normal ... Others #LFTs #Hepatology ... #LiverEnzymes #Differential
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
Cord Disorders - Differential ... injury • Gait is abnormal ... : - Multiple sclerosis ... : Areflexia UMN ... plantar response LMN
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Multiple Sclerosis ... Examination: • UMN ... Hyperreflexia, Clonus, Babinski ... Treatment: • ... management #neurology #treatment
Autoimmune Hepatitis

Clinical Presentation
 - Highly variable clinical presentation, from subclinical disease to acute liver failure.
 -
upper limit of normal ... ALT + AST > 5x ULN ... AND IgG > 2x ULN ... regarding need for treatment ... Diagnosis #Management #Hepatology
Hepatitis B - Treatment Indications
Treatment not indicated:
 • Immune tolerant state - HBe-Ag detectable, high HBV
(>10^6 IU/mL), normal ... (<2000 IU/mL), normal ... (>10^6 IU/mL), normal ... IU/mL and ALT > ULN ... Indications #management #hepatology
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
• ALT & AST normal ... • ALP > 1.5 x ULN ... bile ducts Differential ... cholestasis, Primary sclerosis ... diagnosis #workup #hepatology
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs

R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP)
 • R >
R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ... ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ... - If both are normal ... chemistry #diagnosis #differential ... #Hepatology #transaminitis
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis - Management
A. Initiate therapy 
 - Initiate 1st line therapy with UDCA (13-15
if ALP > 1.5x ULN ... and/or abnormal ... Cirrhosis #Management #Treatment ... #hepatology