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diagnosis hepatology treatment differential lfts algorithm biliary cirrhosis devices gastroenterology pbc primary transaminitis workup accessories acute atrophy autoimmune calcium cardiology
Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) lesions are lesions occurring anywhere in the CNS from the brain up
Motor Neuron (UMN ... acetylcholine (Ach ... UMN lesions are ... and a positive Babinski ... @DharSaty #UMN
Abnormal Liver Function Tests - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm for Transaminitis Hepatocellular Pattern (ALT or AST > ALP):
Abnormal Liver Function ... Severe - ALT >15X ULN ... Viral, Ischemia, AIH ... Mild - ALT < 5x ULN ... kwburak #LFTs #Elevated
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Severe ALT > 15x ULN • Viral • Drugs/Toxins •
Elevated Liver Enzymes ... Severe ALT > 15x ULN ... Mild ALT < 5x ULN ... • Drugs • AIH ... disease US — Normal
Autoimmune Hepatitis Clinical Presentation - Highly variable clinical presentation, from subclinical disease to acute liver failure. -
IgG typically elevated ... upper limit of normal ... If suspected, AIH ... Hepatitis (eg Viral) Management ... #Diagnosis #Management
Oxygen Delivery by Device Nasal Cannula • Indicated for low-flow, low-percentage supplemental oxygen. • Flow rate of
Flow rate of 1-6 Umin ... Flow rate of 6-10 Umin ... rate of 10-15 Umin ... entrainment of room air ... Equipment #Devices #Management
Hypercalcemia Evaluation 1) Clinical clues - Is the patient symptomatic? - Family history? - Have you done
likely - Mid range/ULN ... FeCa <1 %) - Low normal ... • If all normal ... endocrinology #calcium #elevated
Liver Chemistries - Interpretation of LFTs R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ALP) • R >
R-value: Serum (ALT/ULN ... ALT) / (Alk phos/ULN ... specificity to elevated ... - If both are normal ... of ALP • Near normal
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary PBC Epidemiology: • Female:Male 9:1 • Common European descent • Age:
• ALT & AST normal ... or slightly elevated ... • Bilirubin - Normal ... early on but elevated ... • ALP > 1.5 x ULN
Multiple Sclerosis - Summary Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system
Examination: • UMN ... Hyperreflexia, Clonus, Babinski ... sclerosis #diagnosis #management
Hepatitis B - Treatment Indications Treatment not indicated: • Immune tolerant state - HBe-Ag detectable, high HBV
(>10^6 IU/mL), normal ... (<2000 IU/mL), normal ... (>10^6 IU/mL), normal ... IU/mL and ALT > ULN ... #Indications #management
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